{"id":1242,"date":"2020-03-27T10:00:43","date_gmt":"2020-03-27T10:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/rosedalefamilyoffice\/?p=1242"},"modified":"2021-04-21T18:31:21","modified_gmt":"2021-04-21T18:31:21","slug":"tax-planning-in-volatile-times-is-now-the-time-to-consider-an-estate-freeze-or-refreeze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/rosedalefamilyoffice\/blog\/2020\/03\/27\/tax-planning-in-volatile-times-is-now-the-time-to-consider-an-estate-freeze-or-refreeze\/","title":{"rendered":"Tax Planning in Volatile Times: Is Now the Time to Consider an Estate \u201cFreeze\u201d or \u201cRefreeze\u201d?"},"content":{"rendered":"

During these unique times of COVID-19 which have created uncertainty and significant stock market volatility, the famous military strategist Sun Tzu comes to mind. In\u00a0The Art of War\u00a0<\/em>he famously stated,\u00a0\u201cIn the midst of chaos, there is also opportunity\u201d.<\/p>\n

An\u00a0Estate \u201cFreeze\u201d<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0\u201cRefreeze\u201d<\/em>\u00a0are potential tax planning strategies, which may allow you to take advantage of certain opportunities in our current low valuation market.<\/p>\n

What is an Estate Freeze?\u00a0<\/u><\/p>\n

An estate freeze is effectively a corporate reorganization which can be structured in various ways to achieve a particular client\u2019s specific goals and objectives. There are many tax and non-tax reasons to implement an estate freeze. In general, the primary purpose of the strategy is to \u201cfreeze\u201d the current wealth of an individual (the \u201cfreezor\u201d), and to pass along the future growth to benefit the freezor\u2019s next generation (either directly, or more commonly through a discretionary family trust).<\/p>\n

Estate freezes are generally performed for family businesses. However, such planning may also be used for significant passive assets \u2013 although the corporate income attribution rules would need to be considered for the latter case.<\/p>\n

By \u201cfreezing\u201d the first generation\u2019s wealth in a family business, for example, the associated tax liability can be \u201cfixed\u201d, and thus the tax liability associated with future growth can be deferred to be taxed in the next generation\u2019s hands. Other benefits of freezing include developing a succession plan which can provide certainty to fund the freezor\u2019s known estate tax liability, providing flexibility to determine how the future share ownership may transfer to the next generation (where a family trust is used), probate planning by transferring future growth outside of the freezor\u2019s estate, providing control through the ability to separate Voting vs. Value through the creation of various share classes, etc.<\/p>\n

The inherent motivation is to freeze the wealth of Generation 1 (\u201cG1\u201d) at the lowest value possible in order to minimize G1\u2019s estate tax liability, and to allow for the maximum amount of future growth (and the associated future tax liability) to transfer to G1\u2019s children and grandchildren. Accordingly, in today\u2019s low valuation economic environment, now may be an opportune time to consider the benefits of implementing an estate freeze.<\/p>\n

What is a Refreeze?<\/u><\/p>\n

As the name suggests a \u201crefreeze\u201d effectively involves implementing a new estate freeze for one\u2019s company at the new (lower) current Fair Market Value (\u201cFMV\u201d) of the business. By properly structuring the refreeze, one will have reset the estate tax liability for the freezor at the lower valuation, and thus will allow for more future growth to tax-efficiently transfer to the next generation.<\/p>\n

Example<\/u><\/p>\n

Mr. Smith previously implemented an estate freeze of SmithCo 5 years ago by exchanging his common shares in the business for fixed value \u201cfrozen\u201d preference shares worth $10M. Due to the concerns of COVID-19 and the tumultuous markets, the FMV of his business is temporarily depressed and is only worth $8M.<\/p>\n

Through a refreeze strategy, Mr. Smith can reorganize SmithCo to exchange, on a tax-deferred basis, his \u201cold\u201d $10M in frozen shares for newly-issued frozen shares equal to the current FMV of $8M. New \u201cgrowth\u201d common shares (which would have a nominal FMV \u2013 as all of the current value would be reflected in the \u201cnew\u201d frozen shares) would also be given to the family trust (or to a new family trust \u2013 as noted below).<\/p>\n

The Benefits<\/u><\/p>\n

Why would Mr. Smith consider implementing a refreeze? The primary tax benefit is that he has lowered the value of his \u201cfrozen\u201d shares, which accordingly has lowered his tax liability on death. In essence, as the business recovers and grows, he will have effectively limited his estate\u2019s capital gains tax by decreasing the value of his own estate and transferring $2M of value to his intended beneficiaries.<\/p>\n

There are other secondary benefits associated with refreezing strategies such as \u201cresetting the clock\u201d (when using family trusts) in respect of the \u201c21-year rule\u201d \u2013 which can provide more time for determining how future growth will ultimately be distributed amongst the next generation; potential Family Law protection planning benefits (e.g., for clients in Ontario who may have family members who got married before a freeze was implemented); etc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

During these unique times of COVID-19 which have created uncertainty and significant stock market volatility, the famous military strategist Sun Tzu comes to mind. In\u00a0The Art of War\u00a0he famously stated,\u00a0\u201cIn the midst of chaos, there is also opportunity\u201d. An\u00a0Estate \u201cFreeze\u201d\u00a0or\u00a0\u201cRefreeze\u201d\u00a0are potential tax planning strategies, which may allow you to take advantage of certain opportunities in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"_oasis_task_priority":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-read","category-redefine-your-legacy"],"yoast_head":"\nTax Planning in Volatile Times: Is Now the Time to Consider an Estate \u201cFreeze\u201d or \u201cRefreeze\u201d? - The Rosedale Family Office<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"During these unique times of COVID-19 which have 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