{"id":3941,"date":"2026-10-28T17:31:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T21:31:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/?p=3941"},"modified":"2026-10-28T17:36:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T21:36:36","slug":"investment-insight","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/2026\/10\/28\/investment-insight\/","title":{"rendered":"Investment Insights &#8211; Fall 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">The Price of Resilience<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The cost of capital is changing how investors evaluate opportunities, manage risk and <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">plan for the future<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Higher long-term bond yields are creating new income opportunities <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">but also<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> increasing financing costs. Governments and businesses are investing in more secure supply chains and infrastructure, even as those investments demand greater financial discipline. Meanwhile, the growth of private markets and the complexity of wealth transfers are raising important questions about access to capital and continuity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">These <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">seemingly unrelated <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">developments share an important characteristic: decisions made in one area can have consequences elsewhere.<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">In this issue, we examine these connections and the practical considerations they raise for investors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">In this issue:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">What \u201cHigher <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Longer\u201d Means <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Your Bond Portfolio<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The New Economics of Resilience<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">When Wealth Is Diversified <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">But<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Not Liquid<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The Succession Planning Gap<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Year End Tax Planning After the Policy Dust Settles<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Beyond the AI Trade: Where is the Next Wave of Capital Going?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 6pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">THE LONG END OF THE YIELD CURVE<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">What <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">Higher <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">For<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">Longer<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\"> Means <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">For<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">Your <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">Bond <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">Portfolio<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"><em>Higher long-term yields are changing the trade-offs between income, price sensitivity and the obligations a portfolio must support.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Bond investors are facing an unusual combination of opportunity and pressure.<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Long-term government yields in Canada and the United States have risen to levels not seen for many years. On September <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">25<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, 2026, the U.S. Treasury curve closed at 4.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">98<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">% for five years, 5.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">17<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">% for 10 years and 5.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">49<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">% for 30 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">years.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b9<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Canadian benchmark yields <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">for the same <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">time period<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> were 3.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">6<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">9% for five years, 3.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">9<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">7% for 10 years and 4.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">27<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">% for the long-term <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">benchmark.\u00b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> (see Chart)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">H<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">igh <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">yields can improve the income available from high-quality fixed income<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">hey also raise financing costs and place pressure on assets whose valuations depend on inexpensive capital. The same market movement can therefore help one part of an investor<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s balance sheet while creating strain elsewhere.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Exhibit<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Average Yields <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Selected Government <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Of<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Canada Marketable Bonds: 20<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">4 \u2013 2026 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3942 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/146\/2026\/10\/Picture-443918315-30t472w297h.png\" alt=\"Yield Comparisons\" width=\"472\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/146\/2026\/10\/Picture-443918315-30t472w297h.png 472w, https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/146\/2026\/10\/Picture-443918315-30t472w297h-300x189.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Source: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">CanDeal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Data and Analytics (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">CanDeal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> DNA) and Bank of Canada<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/interest-rates\/canadian-bonds\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Why <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Long Rates Move Differently<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Central banks set very short-term policy rates. Investors determine longer-term bond yields through the prices they are willing to pay for securities that mature years or decades in the future.<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The latter<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> reflect expected inflation and economic growth, as well as compensation for committing capital over a longer period. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">At the same time,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> there is a volume story happening. L<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">arge fiscal deficits and heavy government issuance require investors to absorb more supply. Corporate borrowers compete for the same capital, adding to the financing demands placed on the market.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">This helps explain why long-term yields can remain elevated even when the path for an overnight policy rate is less clear. It also means that a forecast about the next central<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">bank decision is not enough to guide a long-term bond allocation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Effect Beyond Bonds<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">When yields rise, the price of an existing fixed<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">rate bond generally falls because newly issued securities offer more attractive income. The effect is greater for longer-maturity bonds, which have more payments exposed to a change in market rates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Higher yields also change the economics of borrowing. Mortgages, investment loans, business credit and commercial real estate financing may become more expensive to renew. Companies facing higher funding costs <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">might<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> delay projects or demand a higher expected return before investing. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">And a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ssets purchased with leverage can feel the effect from both lower valuations and more costly debt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For investors who own businesses, real estate or private investments alongside marketable securities, the relevant exposure <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">can<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> be larger than the bond allocation suggests. A portfolio review should <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">look at<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> where rising rates affect income, valuations and liabilities at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">The Role of <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Fixed Income <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">In<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Your Portfolio<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Capital reserved for a near-term obligation requires a different approach from assets intended to generate income over decades or provide balance during equity-market declines.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> So, begin by determining what fixed<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> income <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">is intended to<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> accomplish in your portfolio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Shorter maturities can limit price volatility and provide access to capital, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">exposing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> investors to reinvestment risk. If yields decline, maturing securities may have to be reinvested at lower rates. Longer maturities can secure income over an extended period and benefit<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> from lower yields<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, although their prices are more sensitive to changes in interest rates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">To balance these trade-offs, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">create <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> diversified maturity structure<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> where t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">he appropriate allocation reflect<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> expected cash requirements, credit quality and the sensitivity of the rest of the portfolio to interest rates<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">In addition, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">take into<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">account<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> the timing of debt renewals and other obligations outside the investment account.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A useful analysis can map maturities against known cash needs and test what happens if yields move another 50 or 100 basis points in either direction. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">This helps you<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> understand where the portfolio would gain, where it would lose<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> and whether sufficient capital would remain available when needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s you review <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">your fixed<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">income portfolio<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">work with your advisor to understand<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">whether the income, maturity and risk characteristics are aligned with the obligations that capital is intended to support. Higher yields create opportunities to improve that alignment, provided investors consider the other side of their balance sheet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">Sources<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">1. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/data-chart-center\/interest-rates\/TextView?field_tdr_date_value=202609&amp;type=daily_treasury_yield_curve\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #1f4e79;font-size: 9pt\">U.S. Department of the Treasury, Daily Treasury Par Yield Curve Rates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">Accessed <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">September<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\"> 25,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\"> 2026 <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">2. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bankofcanada.ca\/rates\/interest-rates\/canadian-bonds\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #1f4e79;font-size: 9pt\">Bank of Canada, Selected Bond Yields<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">Accessed <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">September<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\"> 25,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\"> 2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 6pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">SECURITY AND REDUNDANCY ARE REDIRECTING CAPITAL<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">The New Economics of Resilience<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"><em>Security, redundancy and domestic capacity are changing where capital is deployed, but greater spending does not guarantee stronger investment returns.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For much of the past three decades, businesses pursued a straightforward objective: produce more efficiently, source from the lowest-cost suppliers<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> and minimize excess capacity.<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">In tandem with this objective, g<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">lobal supply chains became increasingly specialized. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">With j<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ust-in-time inventory systems reduc<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> costs, companies concentrated production in locations offering the greatest economies of scale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">That model delivered substantial benefits<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">t also created dependencies that have become harder to ignore<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">during<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> sustained periods of g<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">eopolitical tensions, trade restrictions<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> and<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> energy disruptions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Now, g<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">overnments and businesses are responding by placing greater value on economic security, even when achieving it requires higher upfront investment. For investors, this changes both where capital may flow and how potential beneficiaries should be evaluated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Efficiency Is No Longer Enough<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The International Energy Agency<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2026 projects strong growth in demand for minerals used in energy technologies. The same outlook highlights the geographic concentration of mining and refining, which can leave industries exposed to a disruption in one major processing <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">location.\u00b9<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The challenge extends beyond extracting raw materials<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> to p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">rocessing facilities, specialized equipment, technical expertise and manufacturing capacity<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Building alternative supply chains<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">requires investment across the production process, often with substantial capital requirements and long development timelines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A company may accept higher procurement costs, hold additional inventory or maintain a second supplier in exchange for more reliable access to essential inputs. The relevant question is whether the reduction in potential disruption justifies the added cost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Investment Priorities Are Changing<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Th<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">is<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> shift is influencing capital spending across electricity grids, transportation infrastructure, industrial automation, cybersecurity, critical minerals and domestic manufacturing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The 2024 Draghi report on European competitiveness estimated that the European Union would need hundreds of billions of euros in additional annual investment to support its energy, digital, defence and security <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">priorities.\u00b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Canada is pursuing similar objectives through its Critical Minerals Strategy, which emphasizes domestic production, processing, manufacturing and recycling, as well as supply relationships with international <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">partners.\u00b3<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Investment in these areas can serve several purposes<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt\"><span style=\"position: absolute;top: -0.34em;left: 0;font-size: 2em\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A modernized electricity grid improve<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> reliability while accommodating growing power demand. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt\"><span style=\"position: absolute;top: -0.34em;left: 0;font-size: 2em\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Industrial automation can strengthen domestic production <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">and<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> help offset higher labour costs. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt\"><span style=\"position: absolute;top: -0.34em;left: 0;font-size: 2em\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">New mineral<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">processing capacity reduce<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> dependence on a single supplier.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">hese needs create durable pools of demand<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> but<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> they don\u2019t <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">make every company serving them an attractive investment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">A Growing Market Does Not Guarantee Attractive Returns<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For example, a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> government commitment to expand domestic mineral processing can create demand for new facilities and equipment. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Y<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">et,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">rojects still require substantial upfront investment, face lengthy permitting processes<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> and encounter cost overruns before generating revenue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"325\" class=\"wp-image-3943 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/146\/2026\/10\/Picture-2-620w325h.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/146\/2026\/10\/Picture-2-620w325h.png 620w, https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/146\/2026\/10\/Picture-2-620w325h-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Even when demand materializes, profitability depends on the competitive environment. An industry experiencing rapid investment might eventually develop excess capacity, putting pressure on prices and returns. While government support in the form of subsidies, procurement commitments and other incentives can improve project economics, changes in policy or funding also affect their value.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For investors, the relevant distinction is between exposure to an attractive theme and ownership of an attractive business. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Sustainable cash flow,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> returns on invested capital, financing requirements and valuation remain essential measures. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">S<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">trategic importance may support demand, but it does not eliminate commercial risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">The<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Implications <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">For<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Investors<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">R<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">eassess <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">your<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> exposure to supply chain disruption<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">,<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">look for overlap across holdings<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, and evaluate which investments have the potential to convert structural demand into attractive returns on capital<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">S<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">everal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">nvestments <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">in<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> industrials, energy, infrastructure and materials <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">may<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> appear diversified, but they<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">still <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">depend<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> on the same government programs, commodity cycles or financing conditions. Understanding those common drivers helps separate genuine diversification from repeated exposure to one economic thesis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The shift toward security and redundancy is changing investment priorities<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, not <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">suspend<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> the fundamentals of investing. The enduring opportunity lies with businesses that can <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">convert greater demand for reliability into sustainable cash flow and attractive returns on capital.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">Sources<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">1. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2026\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">International Energy Agency, Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2026<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">2. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/topics\/competitiveness\/draghi-report_en\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">European Commission, The Draghi Report on European Competitiveness<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">3. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/campaign\/critical-minerals-in-canada\/canadian-critical-minerals-strategy.html\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">Government of Canada, The Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 6pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">PRIVATE MARKETS AND THE TIMING OF CAPITAL<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">When Wealth Is Diversified <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">But<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\"> Not Liquid<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"><em>A portfolio can contain many assets and still leave an investor without sufficient capital <\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"><em>at the moment<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"><em> it is needed.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">There are four common cases in private markets where the issue is a mismatch between when capital is needed and when it becomes available: an investor holds millions of dollars in assets and still faces an unexpected funding problem; an acquisition requires cash before a private equity distribution arrives; a significant tax payment coincides with a real estate refinancing; or an attractive investment opportunity arises when much of the portfolio is committed to assets that cannot readily be sold.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s private<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">market investments become a more significant part of sophisticated portfolios<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, the distinction between diversified holdings and liquidity ones becomes important.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Differentiating <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Diversification <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">From<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Liquidity<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Diversification describes how capital is spread among investments and economic exposures. Net worth measures the value of assets after liabilities. Liquidity concerns the amount of capital that can be accessed within a given period and on acceptable terms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For example, a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">n invest<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ment holding<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">is diversified across<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> private equity, private credit, real estate and an operating business<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">. And yet, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">the investor<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">still depend<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> on a relatively small pool of marketable securities for near-term spending and obligations. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">he portfolio <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">is<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> broad by asset class<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">narrow by access to cash.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Private investments can provide access to companies, lending opportunities and return drivers that are not available in public markets. Their long holding periods also support <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">longer term<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> ownership. Those features are valuable precisely because the capital is committed. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">However, t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">hey should not be mistaken for ready liquidity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Fund <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Structures <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">For<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Capital Movements<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The Financial Stability Board estimated that private credit represented US$1.5 trillion to US$2 trillion in assets at the end of 2024. Its 2026 review recognized the sector<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s financing <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">and diversification benefits<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, but also<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> identif<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ied<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> concerns related to leverage, borrower quality, valuation practices, data gaps and liquidity <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">mismatches.\u00b9<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Some private funds have finite lives. Investors commit capital that is drawn over time and receive distributions as underlying assets are sold or loans are repaid. Other vehicles offer periodic redemption windows<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> with<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> withdrawals limited when requests exceed a fund<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s repurchase capacity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">I<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> September 2026<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Morgan Stanley<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u2019s North Haven Private Income Fund <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">received redemption requests equal to 11.4% of assets against a quarterly repurchase limit of 5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">%.\u00b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> That experience does not describe every private fund, but it shows why a stated redemption feature is not the same as an assurance that all requested capital will be returned on a particular date.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">The Cost <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Of<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Accessing <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Liquidity<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">There are several scenarios to consider <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">when planning <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">to access<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> liquidity<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt\"><span style=\"position: absolute;top: -0.34em;left: 0;font-size: 2em\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">An asset may be contractually unavailable until a redemption window or exit<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, or only sellable at <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">an unattractive price. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt\"><span style=\"position: absolute;top: -0.34em;left: 0;font-size: 2em\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A secondary<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">market buyer could demand a discount to the reported asset value. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt\"><span style=\"position: absolute;top: -0.34em;left: 0;font-size: 2em\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">credit facility may provide immediate funding<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, while also <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">introduc<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> interest expense, collateral requirements and refinancing risk.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The right question is not simply how much liquidity is available. It<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u2019s<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> how much can be accessed, when and on what terms.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Consider this illustrative scenario (see Exhibit): <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Exhibit: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Illustrative <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Portfolio Value vs. Accessible Capital<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Asset<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Value<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Private Equity<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">$4.0M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Private Credit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">$2.0M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Real Estate<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">$2.0M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Public Securities<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">$2.0M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Total Portfolio Value<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">$10.0M<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><br \/>\nNear-Term Liquidity Position<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 8.991181657848324cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Item<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Value<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 8.991181657848324cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Potentially Accessible Capital<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">$2.0M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 8.991181657848324cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Known Near-Term Funding Requirement<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">$1.0M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 8.991181657848324cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Capital Remaining Before Other Obligations<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">$1.0M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The remaining amount must also support potential capital calls, taxes, spending and unexpected needs.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> High net worth does not automatically equal liquid wealth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Map <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Obligations <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">And<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Funding Across Time<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A liquidity plan can organize assets, obligations and available funding into three practical periods<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Format:<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Two-column table<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25.72%;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 11pt\">Time <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 11pt\">Horizon<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 74.28%;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 11pt\">Planning <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 11pt\">Focus<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25.72%;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 3pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 3pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Next 12 months<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 74.28%;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 3pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 3pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Operating cash, taxes, near-term commitments and a margin for unexpected needs<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25.72%;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 3pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 3pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> to <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> years<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 74.28%;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 3pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 3pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Debt maturities, capital calls, major purchases and expected distributions<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25.72%;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 3pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 3pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">More than <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> years<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 74.28%;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 3pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 3pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Long-term investments and capital that can tolerate uncertain exit timing<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 7pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.3;color: #000000;font-size: 10.5pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The purpose<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> of this exercise <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">is to compare obligations with realistic access to capital in each period. The analysis can include expected fund distributions, capital calls, credit facilities, business cash flows and other funding sources<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">then<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> test what happens if exits are delayed or several demands arrive at once.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Wealth measures what an investor owns; liquidity determines how much freedom that wealth provides. As such, the latter <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">should be evaluated before it becomes necessary. A portfolio that accounts for the timing of commitments, distributions and available funding can allow long-term investments to remain invested through periods when selling would be costly or impractical.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">Sources<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">1. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsb.org\/2026\/05\/report-on-vulnerabilities-in-private-credit\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">Financial Stability Board<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">,<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\"> Report on Vulnerabilities in Private Credit<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">2. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/wealth\/morgan-stanley-private-credit-fund-redemptions-remain-elevated-third-quarter-2026-09-18\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">Reuters, M<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">organ Stanley Private Credit Fund Redemption Requests Remain Elevated<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 6pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">THE GREAT WEALTH TRANSFER<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">The Succession Planning Gap<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"><em>A transfer plan must address ownership, control and readiness, not only who receives an asset.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">In Canada, t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">he transfer of substantial wealth is already underway, yet many succession plans remain incomplete<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">. Their<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> reasons are often understandable<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> and include <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">want<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> to preserve flexibility<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">remain<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> uncertain about how to divide assets<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, or<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> successor <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">who is<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> not ready<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Delay has a cost<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> as f<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ewer options remain after an illness, conflict, death or unsolicited offer forces decisions onto a compressed timeline.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">According to <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">the <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">UBS<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> Global Family Office report<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">57<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">% of surveyed family offices had <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">wealth <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">succession plans for family members. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">At the same time,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> there\u2019s a disconnect between intent and execution as <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">only <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">13<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">%<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> of next-generation family members who are considered old enough to participate remain<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> fully i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">nvolved in family office decision-making<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> 21% <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">have no involvement<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> at <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">all<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b9<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3944 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/146\/2026\/10\/Picture-1352106286-624w328h.png\" alt=\"Family Office Succession Readiness\" width=\"624\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/146\/2026\/10\/Picture-1352106286-624w328h.png 624w, https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/146\/2026\/10\/Picture-1352106286-624w328h-300x158.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">These findings point to an issue that legal documents alone cannot resolve. A technically sound estate plan may specify who receives an asset without preparing that person to own it, manage it or participate in decisions. The people affected by a plan need enough information and time to understand the responsibilities it creates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Transferring <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Ownership <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">And<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Control<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Succession becomes more complicated when transferring an asset also means <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">shifting<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> responsibility for its management.<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">P<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">rofessional executives assume responsibility for daily operations<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> even as <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ownership remains within the family<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">. A sale to management, employees or a third party can <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">further <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">separate the continuity of the enterprise from family ownership.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">These arrangements require clarity about decision rights<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ul\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt\"><span style=\"position: absolute;top: -0.34em;left: 0;font-size: 2em\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Who can approve a sale, authorize borrowing, appoint management or determine distributions? <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt\"><span style=\"position: absolute;top: -0.34em;left: 0;font-size: 2em\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">How will disagreements be resolved? <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 36pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt\"><span style=\"position: absolute;top: -0.34em;left: 0;font-size: 2em\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Who has access to the financial information required to make those decisions?<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The answers may involve shareholder agreements, governance structures and coordinated legal, tax and financial advice. Without that clarity, a completed ownership transfer can leave unresolved questions about how the business or other assets will be managed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">A <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Wider Set <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Of<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Succession Paths<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Succession does not always mean a parent-to-child transfer. Business owners may prefer a management buyout, an employee-ownership structure or a third-party sale. Individuals without children or intended family successors may be planning transfers to spouses, relatives, trusts or charitable organizations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Canada has also expanded the menu for qualifying business owners through the Employee Ownership Trust framework and its related capital-gains <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">exemption.\u00b2<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> This can be relevant when an owner wants employees to acquire the business<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">; however, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">it does<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">n\u2019t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> remove the need for valuation, financing, governance and specialist tax advice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Each path produces different implications for control, liquidity, taxation and the future of the underlying asset. The preferred option should be tested against the owner<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s objectives and the practical readiness of those expected to take responsibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Build <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">The Plan <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">In<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Stages<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A practical starting sequence is to clarify objectives, map current ownership and decision rights, assess successor readiness and estimate the liquidity that a transition may require. The next step is to compare plausible transition paths and identify where legal documents, governance arrangements, insurance or financing must change.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">This staged approach does not require every future decision to be fixed today. It creates a framework that can evolve as circumstances change<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> ensuring that critical information, authority and funding do not depend on one person being available.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The investment advisor<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s role is one part of that process. Estate counsel, tax professionals, valuation specialists and corporate advisors may each address different technical issues. Financial advice can help connect their recommendations to portfolio liquidity, investment risk and the owner<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s wider objectives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Succession planning is about more than determining who receives an asset. It establishes who will make decisions, how responsibilities will transfer<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> and whether the people and financial resources needed to support that transition are in place.<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A plan can evolve as circumstances change. Its value lies in ensuring that essential decisions are made deliberately rather than under the pressure of an unexpected transition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">Sources<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">1. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ubs.com\/global\/en\/media\/display-page-ndp\/en-20260528-global-family-office-report-2026.html\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">UBS, Global Family Office Report 202<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">6<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">2. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-finance\/news\/2026\/06\/legislation-passes-to-implement-measures-from-the-spring-economic-update-2026.html\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">Department of Finance Canada, press release<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 6pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">TAX DECISIONS RARELY STAND ALONE<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">Year End Tax Planning After the Policy Dust Settles<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"><em>The value of year-end planning lies in modelling how transactions interact, then coordinating the order and timing of execution.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Let\u2019s <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">start with<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> a hypothetical scenario<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> where an investor has <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> concentrated equity position<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> with<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> substantial unrealized gains<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, declining<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> value in<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> investment<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">s <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">that <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">led<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> to realiz<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ation of portfolio<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> losses,<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">and<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">a planned charitable donation<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> at the same time as <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">when <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">the sale of shares in a privately held business is under consideration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Each of these <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">situations <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">presents a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> decision to make regarding the<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> potential tax-planning opportunity.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> And t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">he order, timing and interaction of those transactions could produce very different outcomes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Impact Of <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Policy Clarity <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">On<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Decision-making<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">One significant source of uncertainty <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">in recent years <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">has been resolved. In March 2025, the federal government cancelled its proposed increase in the capital<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">gains inclusion rate from one-half to two-thirds. The general inclusion rate therefore remained 50<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">%.\u00b9<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The increase in the Lifetime Capital Gains Exemption for qualifying small<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">business corporation shares and qualified farming or fishing property was retained, with indexation resuming in 2026. The amount and eligibility conditions should be confirmed against current guidance for any contemplated transaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">These developments provide a clearer policy setting for investors and business owners. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">However, t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">hey do not determine the best timing of a sale, the treatment of investment losses or how a charitable contribution fits within a wider financial plan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">When <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">One Tax Decision Changes Another<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Tax-loss harvesting provides a useful example. Investors with unrealized losses in non-registered accounts may consider selling certain holdings to offset realized capital gains. Net capital losses can generally be carried back three years or forward indefinitely, subject to applicable <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">rules.\u00b2<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Selling a security at a loss and immediately repurchasing identical property may trigger the superficial-loss rule, potentially denying the immediate deduction. The rule can also apply when an affiliated person or entity acquires the identical property within the relevant period and continues to hold it 30 days after the sale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Charitable giving introduces another interaction. Donating eligible appreciated publicly traded securities directly to a qualified <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">donee<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> can result in a zero capital-gains inclusion rate for regular income-tax purposes and may generate a charitable donation tax <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">credit.\u00b3<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) calculation treats the same transaction differently. Under the rules applicable in 2026, 30% of the accrued gain on donated publicly listed securities is included in adjusted taxable income<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> only 80% of the donation tax credit is recognized. The AMT calculation also includes 100% of other capital gains and permits only 50% of capital losses carried forward from prior years to be deducted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">These differences mean that realizing a significant gain, using carried-forward losses and making an in-kind charitable gift in the same year can produce an AMT liability even when each transaction appears tax-efficient under the regular calculation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">AMT <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">doesn\u2019t necessarily<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> represent a permanent additional cost. An amount paid can generally be carried forward for seven years and applied against future regular tax when regular tax exceeds AMT. Recovery depends on the investor\u2019s future taxable income. Scenario modelling should therefore consider both the current-year liability and the likelihood and timing of recovering any AMT paid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Another con<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">straint is l<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">iquidity. Even if AMT can eventually be recovered, it may create an immediate cash requirement. The investor must determine whether the remaining portfolio can support anticipated tax payments and other financial commitments after the transactions are completed. If private-company shares are involved, eligibility for the Lifetime Capital Gains Exemption and the sequencing of legal or corporate steps <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">could<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> also affect timing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Comparing a base case with alternative transaction sequences can reveal which approach supports the investor\u2019s objectives without introducing avoidable financial or tax consequences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">A <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Coordinated Process <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">For<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">The<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Final Quarter<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Having a coordinated and staged process keeps tax efficiency in its proper place<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">. Begin by a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">ssess<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> the current position<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> on<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> projected income, realized and unrealized gains, available losses, investment holdings, expected obligations and planned transactions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">investment advisor, accountant and legal counsel can <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">then <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">evaluate how each scenario affects regular income tax, AMT, portfolio exposure, liquidity and any corporate or trust arrangements. Their roles remain distinct, but the analysis should use the same assumptions and transaction sequence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">And remember<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">n-kind charitable donations, private<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">company transactions, legal reorganizations and securities transfers can require documentation and processing well before December 31. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">So, a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">n execution calendar should identify dependencies, professional approvals and operational deadlines, along with decisions that require further analysis or are better deferred.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Exhibit: Year-End Planning Process<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 5.492063492063492cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Stage<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.998236331569665cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Focus<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 5.492063492063492cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Assess the Current Position<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.998236331569665cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Income, gains and losses, holdings, obligations and planned transactions<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 5.492063492063492cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Compare Scenarios<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.998236331569665cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Regular tax, AMT, liquidity and portfolio implications<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 5.492063492063492cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Coordinate and <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Execute<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.998236331569665cm;vertical-align: top\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Donations, transfers, legal and corporate steps, approvals and deadlines<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Year-end planning is most effective when decisions are considered together rather than as a collection of individual tax saving strategies. As you enter the new year, do so <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">with a clearer understanding of how investment choices, tax obligations, liquidity and longer-term objectives fit together, supported by an execution plan that reflects those connections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">Sources<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">1. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pm.gc.ca\/en\/news\/news-releases\/2025\/03\/21\/prime-minister-mark-carney-cancels-proposed-capital-gains-tax-increase\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">Government of Canada<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">,<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\"> press release<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">2. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/tax\/individuals\/topics\/about-your-tax-return\/tax-return\/completing-a-tax-return\/personal-income\/line-12700-capital-gains\/capital-losses-deductions.html\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">Canada Revenue Agency, Capital Losses<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">3. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/revenue-agency\/services\/forms-publications\/publications\/p113\/p113-gifts-income-tax.html\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">Canada Revenue Agency, Gifts and Income Tax<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">4. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-finance\/news\/2024\/04\/government-proposes-amendments-to-the-alternative-minimum-tax.html\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">Department of Finance Canada,<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\"> press release<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">Beyond the AI Trade: Where is the Next Wave of Capital Going?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Artificial intelligence (AI) has been around for seventy years, but its early adoption was hampered by limited computing power and insufficient investment in supporting infrastructure. Over the past twenty years, the first obstacle has eased considerably. Addressing the second has become a defining investment theme of the decade, as investors seek allocations that balance opportunity with resilience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For much of the AI boom, the investment story centred on a relatively familiar group of technology companies, from semiconductor manufacturers and cloud providers to firms developing sophisticated AI models. But the opportunity is expanding as capital pours into the physical and financial infrastructure required to support AI at scale, including data centres and supply chains serving the broader ecosystem. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">In August, NVIDIA announced that it had signed memorandums of understanding with Apollo, BlackRock, Blackstone, Brookfield, Goldman Sachs and KKR to establish independent financing platforms. Together, the proposed partnerships are intended to mobilize more than US$500 billion in third-party capital over time for the build-out of AI compute infrastructure.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> The announcement is notable not simply for its size, but for what it suggests about the evolution of AI as an investment theme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">As AI moves from experimentation toward widespread commercial deployment, it raises a broader question: How much AI exposure may already exist across a portfolio\u2014and where does it <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">actually sit<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Financing the AI Ecosystem<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Running progressively powerful AI models requires vast computing capacity. That means more semiconductors and servers, but also data centres, electricity generation and transmission, cooling systems, networking equipment, construction and financing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The scale of the build-out has significant implications for financing. McKinsey estimates that cumulative global spending on data centre infrastructure could approach US$7 trillion through 2030.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"> The International Energy Agency (IEA), meanwhile, has noted that planned data centre investment is becoming too large to rely solely on the balance sheets of <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">technology companies, increasing the role of capital markets and other sources of financing.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">As a result, the AI ecosystem increasingly spans asset classes. Public technology companies remain part of the story, but so do utilities and industrial businesses, infrastructure funds, private equity, private credit and other alternative investments. Together, these enablers of the AI economy signal a growing investment opportunity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Diversified Assets <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">With<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\"> Shared Assumptions<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Some institutional and family-office investors are already taking a broader approach to assessing AI-related exposure. UBS\u2019s 2026 Global Family Office Report found that 65 percent of surveyed family offices were invested across the AI value chain. At the same time, 37 percent were allocating to power and resources and 37 percent to infrastructure\u2014two areas closely connected to AI\u2019s expansion.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Taken together, these findings illustrate how AI-related exposure can extend into parts of a portfolio that may not carry an explicit AI label. As a result, a complex portfolio can appear diversified on an asset allocation statement while still being influenced by the same underlying economic theme. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Consider a portfolio that includes shares in major technology companies, an infrastructure fund with data centre exposure, private credit financing AI-related projects and utilities expanding generation capacity to meet rising electricity demand. On paper, these investments sit in four different portfolio categories. Their specific risks and return profiles are not identical, but each depends, to varying degrees, on continued growth in AI-related capital spending. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">This does not negate the benefits of a diversified portfolio. It does, however, suggest that diversification by asset class is not necessarily the same as diversification by underlying economic exposure. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">Assessing Value Across the AI Value Chain<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">When wealth also includes privately owned businesses, direct investments or significant real estate holdings, identifying total exposure is only the first step. The next is determining where within the expanding AI ecosystem durable economic value is most likely to accrue. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Rapid investment cycles can produce both winners and excess capacity. AI infrastructure may face constraints ranging from electricity availability and permitting delays to rapidly evolving technology. Assets designed around today\u2019s requirements may need to adapt as computing becomes more efficient or new technologies emerge. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Large amounts of investment don\u2019t guarantee attractive returns across the value chain. Likewise, investing in a large publicly traded technology company is not economically equivalent to committing capital to AI infrastructure. As the opportunity set expands, it becomes important to consider which assumptions underpin each investment and whether the expected return appropriately reflects its liquidity, duration and risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt\">A Total-Wealth View of AI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">AI is likely to remain an important investment theme, although its long-term impact and investment implications remain uncertain. What is changing is how investors gain exposure to it, both directly and indirectly. Reviewing that exposure across your total wealth with your advisor can help answer a more useful question: Where does your AI exposure sit, what risks connect those investments, and how do they fit together?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">As the AI investment ecosystem expands, understanding those connections may matter just as much as identifying the next opportunity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\">Sources<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ol\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 18pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt;font-size: 9pt\">1.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nvidianews.nvidia.com\/news\/nvidia-partners-with-apollo-blackrock-blackstone-brookfield-goldman-sachs-and-kkr-to-establish-ai-compute-infrastructure-financing-platforms-to-mobilize-over-500-billion-of-third-party-capital\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">NVIDIA press release<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 18pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt;font-size: 9pt\">2.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/technology-media-and-telecommunications\/our-insights\/the-7-trillion-dollar-data-center-build-out-how-industrials-can-capture-their-share\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">McKinsey Insights article<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 18pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt;font-size: 9pt\">3.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/news\/data-centre-electricity-use-surged-in-2025-even-with-tightening-bottlenecks-driving-a-scramble-for-solutions\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">IEA Key Questions on Energy and AI<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"li\" style=\"margin: 0\">\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38;margin-left: 18pt\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;position: relative;text-indent: -18pt;font-size: 9pt\">4.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ubs.com\/global\/en\/media\/display-page-ndp\/en-20260528-global-family-office-report-2026.html\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #467886;font-size: 9pt\">UBS Global Family Office Report 2026<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0pt;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0pt;padding-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.38\"><span style=\"display: inline-block;height: 1em\"><span style=\"display: none\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>. The Price of Resilience . The cost of capital is changing how investors evaluate opportunities, manage risk and plan for the future. . Higher long-term bond yields are creating new income opportunities but also increasing financing costs. Governments and businesses are investing in more secure supply chains and infrastructure, even as those investments demand [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":363,"featured_media":3302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"_oasis_task_priority":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,24,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-personal-finance","category-market-news-insights","category-taxes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Investment Insights - Fall 2026 - Sweeney Bride Strategic Wealth Advisory<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/advisor.wellington-altus.ca\/sweeneybride\/2026\/10\/28\/investment-insight\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Investment Insights - Fall 2026 - Sweeney Bride Strategic Wealth Advisory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\". The Price of Resilience . The cost of capital is changing how investors evaluate opportunities, manage risk and plan for the future. . Higher long-term bond yields are creating new income opportunities but also increasing financing costs. 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